8 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson City | 1 | 42,570 | 42,524 | 0.02% | 1,181 | 36.06 | City |
| St. Martins | 2 | 1,230 | 1,192 | 0.65% | 635 | 1.94 | City |
| Russellville | 3 | 799 | 779 | 0.5% | 917 | 0.87 | City |
| Centertown | 4 | 295 | 285 | 0.68% | 311 | 0.95 | Town |
| St. Thomas | 5 | 225 | 220 | 0.45% | 230 | 0.98 | Town |
| Eugene | 6 | 179 | 203 | 7.19% | 536 | 0.33 | CDP |
| Lohman | 7 | 179 | 173 | 0.56% | 497 | 0.36 | City |
| Eugene township | 8 | 132 | 137 | -0.75% | 3 | 49.64 | Township |
Jefferson City is the largest city in Cole County, with a population of 42,570.
Eugene township is the smallest city in Cole County.
There are 8 cities in Cole County, Missouri.