35 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas City | 1 | 11,632 | 11,964 | -0.56% | 1,248 | 9.32 | City |
| Winfield | 2 | 11,601 | 11,770 | -0.29% | 1,041 | 11.14 | City |
| Creswell township | 3 | 1,859 | 1,907 | -0.96% | 52 | 35.95 | Township |
| Bolton township | 4 | 1,403 | 1,444 | -1.06% | 27 | 52.17 | Township |
| Ninnescah township | 5 | 879 | 918 | -1.24% | 25 | 35.80 | Township |
| Pleasant Valley township | 6 | 786 | 804 | -0.88% | 17 | 45.09 | Township |
| Maple township | 7 | 730 | 742 | -0.68% | 21 | 35.10 | Township |
| Silver Creek township | 8 | 671 | 690 | -1.03% | 19 | 36.01 | Township |
| Udall | 9 | 632 | 661 | -0.94% | 1,160 | 0.55 | City |
| Burden | 10 | 506 | 511 | -0.2% | 979 | 0.52 | City |
| Vernon township | 11 | 449 | 461 | -0.88% | 11 | 39.31 | Township |
| Parkerfield | 12 | 404 | 408 | -0.25% | 442 | 0.91 | City |
| Dexter township | 13 | 364 | 365 | -0.55% | 5 | 71.34 | Township |
| Silverdale township | 14 | 346 | 354 | -0.86% | 7 | 52.54 | Township |
| Salem township | 15 | 306 | 316 | -1.29% | 12 | 26.23 | Township |
| Tisdale township | 16 | 299 | 306 | -0.99% | 10 | 30.07 | Township |
| Rock Creek township | 17 | 256 | 258 | -0.39% | 7 | 35.30 | Township |
| Omnia township | 18 | 254 | 262 | -0.78% | 7 | 36.05 | Township |
| Dexter | 19 | 234 | 226 | 0.86% | 845 | 0.28 | City |
| Beaver township | 20 | 181 | 190 | -1.63% | 5 | 35.28 | Township |
| Atlanta | 21 | 162 | 169 | -0.61% | 338 | 0.48 | City |
| Richland township | 22 | 162 | 168 | -1.22% | 4 | 41.74 | Township |
| Sheridan township | 23 | 159 | 165 | -1.24% | 4 | 35.75 | Township |
| Windsor township | 24 | 144 | 151 | -2.04% | 2 | 93.68 | Township |
| Rock township | 25 | 138 | 141 | -0.72% | 4 | 35.62 | Township |
| Atlanta township | 26 | 138 | 138 | 0% | 4 | 34.54 | Township |
| Rock | 27 | 121 | 105 | 7.08% | 303 | 0.40 | CDP |
| Harvey township | 28 | 94 | 95 | 0% | 1 | 62.70 | Township |
| Cambridge | 29 | 90 | 92 | 0% | 514 | 0.17 | City |
| Spring Creek township | 30 | 75 | 73 | 1.35% | 2 | 44.49 | Township |
| Grant township | 31 | 73 | 71 | 1.39% | 2 | 44.84 | Township |
| Silverdale | 32 | 44 | 59 | 7.32% | 42 | 1.04 | CDP |
| Otter township | 33 | 30 | 33 | -3.23% | 1 | 51.77 | Township |
| New Salem | 34 | 27 | 21 | 3.85% | 74 | 0.37 | CDP |
| Winfield township | 35 | 23 | 23 | 0% | 1 | 35.88 | Township |
Arkansas City is the largest city in Cowley County, with a population of 11,632.
Winfield township is the smallest city in Cowley County.
There are 35 cities in Cowley County, Kansas.