16 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedan township | 1 | 1,297 | 1,348 | -1.22% | 26 | 49.19 | Township |
| Sedan | 2 | 979 | 1,004 | -0.51% | 1,191 | 0.82 | City |
| Jefferson township | 3 | 576 | 596 | -1.03% | 10 | 55.34 | Township |
| Cedar Vale | 4 | 464 | 476 | -0.43% | 615 | 0.75 | City |
| Little Caney township | 5 | 321 | 333 | -1.23% | 7 | 44.92 | Township |
| Salt Creek township | 6 | 107 | 110 | -0.93% | 2 | 48.87 | Township |
| Chautauqua | 7 | 106 | 108 | 0% | 250 | 0.42 | City |
| Peru | 8 | 100 | 102 | 0% | 309 | 0.32 | City |
| Hendricks township | 9 | 100 | 103 | -0.99% | 2 | 54.66 | Township |
| Niotaze | 10 | 88 | 90 | 0% | 238 | 0.37 | City |
| Caneyville township | 11 | 78 | 81 | -1.27% | 1 | 55.13 | Township |
| Summit township | 12 | 68 | 71 | -1.45% | 1 | 55.60 | Township |
| Center township | 13 | 63 | 66 | -1.56% | 1 | 55.36 | Township |
| Elgin | 14 | 55 | 57 | 0% | 282 | 0.20 | City |
| Harrison township | 15 | 53 | 56 | -1.85% | 1 | 54.60 | Township |
| Lafayette township | 16 | 39 | 40 | -2.5% | 1 | 59.23 | Township |
Sedan township is the largest city in Chautauqua County, with a population of 1,297.
Lafayette township is the smallest city in Chautauqua County.
There are 16 cities in Chautauqua County, Kansas.