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Currently, there are more than 5,000 speed cameras in the American database. Getting around the country is a Herculean effort, but made that much easier with the availability of roads, highways, and interstate routes, which make getting around states, cities, and the entire nation a more realistic possibility. Of the entirety of the states and territories, Washington D.C. has the most traffic cameras in the country, and they are collected very densely within the metro area.
Washington is a peculiar case, as New York seems to be the contender for the most speed cameras in the country with the sheer number of the population concentrated within the NYC area. Washington has many traffic cameras and is known for its innovation, as they embed its cameras within certain stop signs instead of traffic lights. This innovation has brought forward a better opportunity for management and policing of the speeding rules. Washington, D.C. also has one of the highest speed limits, making it that much more difficult for residents to be caught.
It is extremely difficult to get a sense of the number of speeding cameras in New York state, as they need to be kept secret in many different circumstances. If residents and travelers knew about the number and location of speed cameras, they would slow down just enough to avoid being caught - which does not resolve the issue altogether. The locations of the camera would need to be changed at many different times and places, which would be extremely costly and difficult to coordinate in the most populous states in the nation.
The New York City Department of Transportation will likely refuse to disclose the number and location of the speeding cameras, including if there are any innovations or tricks that the department has up its sleeve, but many agencies and residents have taken it upon themselves to try and figure out where the cameras will be beforehand and to report these to their network to save people from having to spend money on heavy speeding fines.
Speeding cameras need to be placed in such a way that they are not seen and must be hidden in plain sight. it is not enough for cameras to be placed inconspicuously. The drivers themselves should not even know how they were caught in the act once a fine is sent or levied against them. Many places that may seem like a great spot for speeding cameras may be misleading, such as the stop signs in the case of Washington D.C. Although it is difficult to ascertain the number, the state of Maryland has adopted its own regular approach to speeding cameras.
Maryland's speeding camera locations change the most throughout their lifetime. Although this may sometimes be costly, the tactics have proved effective. Because travelers are unaware of where the speeding camera can be at all times, there have been fewer speeding incidents, especially within metropolitan areas given its proximity to Washington, DC.
One of the most legally complex situations regarding speed cameras (and the related red-light cameras) occurs in Missouri. Speed cameras are technically legal in the state—in fact, a 2022 bill to prohibit them died in committee. However, decisions by the state Supreme Court have made tickets issued via speed cameras virtually unenforceable.
In particular, the Supreme Court took issue with two aspects of speed camera tickets. First, that they did not charge "points" to the driver's record, which all moving violations must do according to state law. Secondly, that they shifted the "burden of proof" and required the owner of the vehicle to prove their innocence (specifically that they weren't the person driving the car) rather than requiring the state to prove their guilt (that the owner was in fact driving the car). This created a "guilty until proven innocent" dynamic that the court deemed unconstitutional. As such, although speed cameras may still be in operation in various municipalities, any tickets issued through them are highly unlikely to hold up in court.
State | Red-Light Cams Permitted | RLC Authorizing Party | Speed Cam Permitted | SC Authorizing Party |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | State law | State law and city ordinance | ||
Arizona | State law | State law | ||
Arkansas | None (No legal permission established) | State law | ||
Colorado | State law | State law and city ordinance | ||
Connecticut | State law | State law | ||
District of Columbia | District law | District law | ||
Georgia | State law | State law | ||
Illinois | State law | State law and city ordinance | ||
Indiana | None (No legal permission established) | State law | ||
Iowa | City ordinance | City ordinance | ||
Louisiana | State law | State law and city ordinance | ||
Maryland | State law | State law and city ordinance | ||
Nevada | State law | State law | ||
New Mexico | State law and city ordinance | City ordinance | ||
New York | State law and city ordinance | State law | ||
Ohio | State law and city ordinance | State law | ||
Oregon | State law | State law | ||
Pennsylvania | State law and city ordinance | State law | ||
Rhode Island | State law | State law | ||
Tennessee | State law and city ordinance | State law | ||
Virginia | State law and city ordinance | State law | ||
Washington | State law and city ordinance | State law | ||
Alaska | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
California | State law | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Delaware | State law | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Florida | State law | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Hawaii | State law and county ordinance | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Idaho | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Kansas | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Kentucky | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Maine | State law (prohibited) | State law (prohibited) | ||
Massachusetts | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Michigan | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Minnesota | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Mississippi | State law (prohibited) | State law (prohibited) | ||
Missouri | Prohibited by Missouri's Supreme Courtm but still used in the city of Hannibal, Mo. | Prohibited by Missouri's Supreme Court | ||
Montana | State law (prohibited) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Nebraska | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
New Hampshire | State law (prohibited) | State law (prohibited) | ||
New Jersey | None (No legal permission established) | State law (prohibited) | ||
North Carolina | State law and city ordinance | None (No legal permission established) | ||
North Dakota | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Oklahoma | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
South Carolina | State law (prohibited except during emergency) | State law (prohibited except during emergency) | ||
South Dakota | State law (prohibited) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
Texas | State law (prohibited) | State law (prohibited) | ||
Utah | None (No legal permission established) | State law (prohibited) | ||
Vermont | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) | ||
West Virginia | State law (prohibited) | State law (prohibited) | ||
Wisconsin | None (No legal permission established) | State law (prohibited) | ||
Wyoming | None (No legal permission established) | None (No legal permission established) |
State | Type of Violation | Legal Status | Where Permitted | In Place | Penalties | Other Provisions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine ranging from $60 to $100 depending on the jurisdiction and speed above the limit; generally not included in criminal or driving record | None |
Alabama | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine ranging from $60 to $110 depending on the jurisdiction; generally not listed in criminal or driving record | None |
Alaska | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Alaska | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Arizona | Red light | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Same as traditional enforcement penalty: maximum $250 fine and 2 points | Not permitted on state highways; not placed within 600 feet of posted speed limit change except near school crossing |
Arizona | Speed | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Same as traditional enforcement penalty: maximum $250 fine and 3 points | Not permitted on state highways; not placed within 600 feet of posted speed limit change except near school crossing |
Arkansas | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Arkansas | Speed | Authorized by state law | School zones or at a railroad crossing | No | None specified | Police officer must be present and must issue citation at time and place of violation |
California | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
California | Red light | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Same as traditional enforcement penalty: $100 base fine and approximately $400 additional fees plus 1 point | None |
Colorado | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $75 maximum; not reportable to Department of Public Safety; no points and not included in driving record | None |
Colorado | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | School zones, residential neighborhoods, construction zones, and streets that border a municipal park | Yes | Monetary fine of $40 maximum, unless violation occurs in school zone or construction zone; not reportable to the Department of Public Safety; no points and not included in driving record | Police officer or government employee must be present at time of alleged violation; in construction zones, citations issued only when construction is occurring |
Connecticut | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Connecticut | Speed | Authorized by state law | Highway work zones | Yes | Written warning first offense, $75 second offense, $150 subsequent offense; not listed on driving record and not used for insurance purposes | Work zones must be on highways with posted speed limits of 45 mph or greater |
Delaware | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $110 maximum; not classified as a criminal offense, shall not be made a part of the driving record, and shall not be used for insurance purposes; DMV shall suspend license for failing to pay assessment | None |
Delaware | Speed | Authorized by state law | Work zones | Yes | Monetary fine of $74.50 maximum; no points will be assessed | The pilot will be active in the I-95 construction zone in Wilmington and will last until the end of the project |
District of Columbia | Red light | Authorized by district law | Citywide | Yes | Monetary fine of $150; DMV cannot suspend license for failure to pay fine or penalty; no points | None |
District of Columbia | Speed | Authorized by district law | Citywide | Yes | Monetary fine which varies depending on how fast above the speed limit the vehicle is traveling; DMV cannot suspend license for failure to pay fine or penalty; no points | None |
Florida | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Florida | Red light | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $158; no points | None |
Georgia | Speed | Authorized by state law | School zones | Yes | Monetary fine of $75 for a first offense and $125 for second or subsequent offenses; additional processing fees may not exceed $25 | Cameras may only be used to capture violations one hour before through one hour after instructional school time |
Georgia | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $70 maximum; not considered a moving traffic violation, no points, not listed in driving record, and not used for insurance purposes | None |
Hawaii | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Hawaii | Red light | Authorized by state law and county ordinance | Counties of Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, Honolulu and City of Honolulu after a 2-year pilot program in the City and County of Honolulu | Yes | Monetary fine of $200 maximum for a first offense; $300 for a second offense; $500 for a third or subsequent offense | None |
Idaho | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Idaho | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Illinois | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | In a construction or maintenance speed zone; in a safety zone (within 1/8th of a mile of a school or a park district used for recreational purposes) in municipalities with a population of 1,000,000 or more inhabitants | Yes | Monetary fine. In construction zones, minimum $375 fine; in safety zones, fine, which varies depending on how fast above the speed limit the vehicle is traveling; license suspension for failing to pay any fine for multiple offenses; not considered a violation of a traffic regulation and not included in driving record | In construction zones, citations issued only when workers are present; in safety zones, citations issued only during certain hours |
Illinois | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine of $100 maximumor the completion of a traffic education program, or both; license suspension for failing to pay any fine for multiple offenses; not considered a violation of a traffic regulation and not recorded on driving record | None |
Indiana | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Indiana | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Iowa | Speed | Authorized by city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine ranging from $5 to $500 depending on jurisdiction and speed above the limit; certain jurisdictions double fines in construction zones; not listed on driving record | None |
Iowa | Red light | Authorized by city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine ranging from $65 to $100 depending on the jurisdiction; not listed on driving record | None |
Kansas | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Kansas | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Kentucky | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Kentucky | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Louisiana | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine ranging from $100 to $125 depending on the jurisdiction; not classified a criminal conviction and not included in driving record | None |
Louisiana | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine which varies depending on how fast above the speed limit the vehicle is traveling and the jurisdiction; not classified a criminal conviction and not included in driving record | Not permitted on interstate highways, except when placed in construction zones where workers are present and operated by the state |
Maine | Red light | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Maine | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Maryland | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine of $40 maximum; not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points, not included in the driving record, and shall not be used for insurance purposes | In school zones, citations issued only during certain hours; in construction zones, system used only to record images of vehicles traveling at least 12 mph above speed limit |
Maryland | Red light | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $100 maximum; not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points, not included in the driving record, and shall not be used for insurance purposes | None |
Massachusetts | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Massachusetts | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Michigan | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Michigan | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Minnesota | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Minnesota | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Mississippi | Red light | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Mississippi | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Missouri | Speed | Authorized by city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | No | Largely unenforceable due to Supreme Court decisions. Monetary fine of $100 maximum; certain jurisdictions increase to $200 fine for traveling 20 mph over speed limit | Certain jurisdictions limit violations to school zones and on streets that include crosswalks used by children when going to or leaving school |
Missouri | Red light | Authorized by city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Largely unenforceable due to Supreme Court decisions. Monetary fine of $100 (generally); no points in certain jurisdictions | None |
Montana | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Montana | Red light | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Nebraska | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Nebraska | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Nevada | Red light | Authorized by state law | Statewide | No | None specified | Red light camera equipment must be held in hand or installed temporarily or permanently within law enforcement vehicle or facility |
Nevada | Speed | Authorized by state law | Statewide | No | None specified | Speed camera equipment must be held in hand or installed temporarily or permanently within law enforcement vehicle or facility |
New Hampshire | Red light | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
New Hampshire | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | Use of camera or other device to determine vehicle ownership or identify vehicle occupants is prohibited unless specifically authorized by statute |
New Jersey | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
New Jersey | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
New Mexico | Speed | Authorized by city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine of $100; certain jurisdictions allow vehicle seizure for nonpayment of fine | Mobile enforcement vans not permitted on state and federal roadways |
New Mexico | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | No | Monetary fine ranging from $66 to $100 depending on the jurisdiction; certain jurisdictions allow vehicle seizure for nonpayment of fine | Not permitted on state and federal roadways |
New York | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine of $50 maximum; not classified as a criminal offense, not included in driving record, and not used for insurance purposes | None |
New York | Speed | Authorized by state law | Specified jurisdictions and work zones | Yes | Monetary fine of $50 maximum for first offense; $75 second offense committed within 18 months; $100 third or subsequent offense within 18 months; not classified as a criminal offense, not included in driving record, and not used for insurance purposes | Not permitted on a controlled-access highway exit ramp; work zone location selection must consider the speed data, crash history and roadway geometry |
North Carolina | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
North Carolina | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine ranging from $50 to $100 depending on the jurisdiction; no points and not used for insurance purposes | None |
North Dakota | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
North Dakota | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Ohio | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine which shall not exceed the maximum fine imposed for a substantially equivalent criminal traffic law violation (not more than $150 for a traffic control signal violation, which is a minor misdemeanor); no points and not used for insurance purposes | None |
Ohio | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | none | Not permitted on interstates when operated by townships |
Oklahoma | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Oklahoma | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Oregon | Speed | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Same as traditional enforcement penalty; traffic violation resulting in a fine, which varies depending on how fast above the speed limit the vehicle is traveling | In specified jurisdictions, may not be used for more than 4 hours per day, may not be used on controlled access highways, and must be operated by uniformed police officer out of marked police vehicle; in construction zones, citations issued only when workers are present and must be operated by a uniformed police officer out of marked police vehicle |
Oregon | Red light | Authorized by state law | Statewide | Yes | Same as traditional enforcement penalty; Class B traffic violation resulting in a maximum $1,000 fine | None |
Pennsylvania | Speed | Authorized by state law | Active work zones, effective 2/16/19; Philadelphia, effective 12/18/18 | Yes | Written warning for a first offense in an active work zone, $75 for a second offense and $150 for third or subsequent offense; potential pilot programs are limited to a maximum fine of $150 | In work zones, citations issued only when workers are present |
Pennsylvania | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Specified jurisdictions | Yes | Monetary fine of $100 maximum; not a criminal conviction, not included in the driving record, and shall not used for insurance purposes | None |
Rhode Island | Speed | Authorized by state law | School zones, Monday through Friday, between 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. from August 15 through June | Yes | Monetary fine of $50 for first and second offense, $95 fine third and subsequent offense; not considered a moving violation nor captured on the driving record | None |
Rhode Island | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $85; not a moving violation nor a criminal conviction and not included in driving record; not used for insurance purposes until there is a final adjudication | None |
South Carolina | Red light | Prohibited except in emergencies | Statewide | No | None specified | Authorized only for violations that occur during emergency |
South Carolina | Speed | Prohibited except in emergencies | Statewide | No | None specified | Authorized only for violations that occur during emergency |
South Dakota | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | State law prohibits Department of Public Safety and Division of Motor Vehicles from providing to other states information that can be used by those states to impose or collect civil fine resulting from alleged violation enforced by camera program |
South Dakota | Red light | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | State law prohibits Department of Public Safety and Division of Motor Vehicles from providing to other states information that can be used by those states to impose or collect civil fine resulting from alleged violation enforced by camera program |
Tennessee | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | School zones and S-curves that inhibit a driver's full vision through the bend | Yes | Monetary fine of $50 | None |
Tennessee | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $50; not included in driving record and not used for credit rating or insurance purposes | None |
Texas | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Texas | Red light | Prohibited by state law | Exceptions exist | Yes | Monetary fine of $75 maximum; DMV may refuse to register a vehicle alleged to have been involved in a violation; not classified as a criminal offense, not included in the driving record, and not used for credit rating | Some communities may continue to operate under the terms of a contract signed before the ban enacted in June 2019 |
Utah | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Utah | Speed | Authorized by state law | School zones and areas that have a posted speed limit of 30 mph or less | No | Not reportable and no points | Police officer must be present |
Vermont | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Vermont | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Virginia | Speed | Authorized by state law | School crossing zones and highway work zones | Yes | Monetary fine of $100 maximum; civil penalty and not considered for insurance purposes | None |
Virginia | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide | Yes | Monetary fine of $50 maximum; not considered a conviction, not included in the driving record, and not used for insurance purposes | Systems allowed at no more than 1 intersection for every 10,000 residents in each community, except for communities under the Northern Virginia Regional Commission, which are allowed systems at no more than 10 intersections or no more than 1 intersection for every 10,000 residents, whichever is greater |
Washington | Red light | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | Statewide at intersections of 2 arterials | Yes | Monetary fine of $250 maximum; not included in the driving record and shall be processed in the same manner as parking infractions | None |
Washington | Speed | Authorized by state law and city ordinance | School, public park and hospital zones; subject to conditions, other locations of concern where other speed reduction measures are not feasible | Yes | Monetary fine no greater than the fine for a parking infraction within the jurisdiction; not included in the driving record and shall be processed in the same manner as parking infractions | With the exception of school, park and hospital zones, cities must obtain the Washington state legislature’s authorization for use and location of the automated traffic safety camera |
West Virginia | Red light | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
West Virginia | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Wisconsin | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Wisconsin | Speed | Prohibited by state law | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Wyoming | Red light | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |
Wyoming | Speed | Not addressed by current laws | n/a | No | n/a | n/a |