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The word president comes from the word praesidere which is defined as “sitting before.” It is also an extension of the word preside, to decide or to monitor the activities of the people at the table before you. The president of any nation is typically the leader of a democracy and the head of state. It is also the head of the armed forces in many cases.
Some countries with presidents also have prime ministers, who serve as the leader of all of the ministers in a parliamentary system.
Many countries have a prime minister which is a leader in a parliamentary system. This is a key stakeholder in the legislator and the leader that handles the debates and negotiations between parties in the parliamentary system. It is a role that often has more intense and dramatic responsibilities than a president, who is the last vote. The prime minister will manage the debates leading up to the vote.
In a presidential system, the president waits for the people at the table to finish talking. In America, the president isn’t even in the room when they do, but will get the final say. The prime minister is also the head of state.
The country of Germany has a chancellor and they have the same role as the prime minister. A country with a chancellor is a democracy and has a parliamentary system of making laws and voting. The chancellor will be the head of the government as well and typically functions independently. In Switzerland, there is a chancellor but they do not always have the final say here. The title of chancellor is one of the titles of leaders of countries that is ubiquitous in roles and job responsibilities but for Germany who is considered a world power as a result of being part of the Normandy Four.
Kings and queens are monarch leaders who identify with the identity of a nation and are typically landowners, and monarchs of the land they own. In some countries, kings and queens can levy enforcement of laws, but in many, they don’t. The royal structure is a political one still, where the family plays a role in world politics in a way that nobody truly understands.
It is the job of a monarch in these cases to defer to the governing bodies of their nations, regardless of their wealth and historical-geographical influence.
The Supreme Leader of a country is a country that has one person ruling as a head of state and typically in a dictatorial fashion. In this government, there are many leaders, and the head of state is the Supreme Leader. Kim Jong Un is the Supreme Leader of North Korea, and also the Chairman of the head of government and the Worker’s Party of Korea. Other countries with Supreme Leaders include Iran and Japan.
Country | Head of State Title | Head of State 2024 | Head of Govt Title | Head of Govt 2024 | Additional Details |
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Malaysia |
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| Prime Minister | Anwar Ibrahim | |
Sudan |
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| Prime Minister | Osman Hussein | |
Iran |
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| President | Masoud Pezeshkian | |
Afghanistan |
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| Prime Minister | Hasan Akhund | |
Oman |
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| Prime Minister | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said | |
Brunei |
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| Prime Minister | Hassanal Bolkiah | |
Myanmar |
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| Prime Minister | Min Aung Hlaing | |
Monaco |
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| Minister of State | Pierre Dartout | |
Vatican City |
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| President of the Governorate | Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga | |
Liechtenstein |
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| Prime Minister | Daniel Risch | |
Haiti |
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| Prime Minister | Garry Conille (Acting Prime Minister) | |
Burkina Faso |
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| Prime Minister | Apollinaire Kyélem (Interim Prime Minister) | |
India |
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| Prime Minister | Narendra Modi | |
United States |
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Indonesia |
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Pakistan |
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| Prime Minister | Shehbaz Sharif | |
Nigeria |
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Brazil |
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Bangladesh |
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| Chief Adviser | Muhammad Yunus | |
Russia |
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| Prime Minister | Mikhail Mishustin | |
Ethiopia |
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| Prime Minister | Abiy Ahmed | |
Mexico |
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Egypt |
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| Prime Minister | Mostafa Madbouly | |
Philippines |
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DR Congo |
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| Prime Minister | Judith Tuluka | |
Turkey |
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Germany |
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| Chancellor | Olaf Scholz | |
Tanzania |
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| Prime Minister | Kassim Majaliwa | |
France |
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| Prime Minister | Irakli Kobakhidze | |
South Africa |
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Italy |
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| Prime Minister | Giorgia Meloni | |
Kenya |
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Colombia |
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South Korea |
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| Prime Minister | Han Duck-soo | |
Uganda |
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| Prime Minister | Robinah Nabbanja | |
Algeria |
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| Prime Minister | Nadir Larbaoui | |
Iraq |
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| Prime Minister | Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani | |
Argentina |
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Poland |
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| Prime Minister | Donald Tusk | |
Angola |
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Ukraine |
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| Prime Minister | Denys Shmyhal | |
Uzbekistan |
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| Prime Minister | Abdulla Aripov | |
Mozambique |
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| Prime Minister | Adriano Maleiane | |
Ghana |
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Peru |
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| Prime Minister | Gustavo Adrianzén | |
Madagascar |
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| Prime Minister | Christian Ntsay | |
Ivory Coast |
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| Prime Minister | Robert Beugré Mambé | |
Nepal |
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| Prime Minister | KP Sharma Oli | |
Cameroon |
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| Prime Minister | Joseph Ngute | |
Venezuela |
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Niger |
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| Prime Minister | Ali Lamine Zeine | |
Syria |
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| Prime Minister | Hussein Arnous | |
Mali |
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| Interim Prime Minister | Choguel Kokalla Maïga | |
Taiwan |
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| Premier | Cho Jung-tai | Territory also claimed by China |
Sri Lanka |
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| Prime Minister | Dinesh Gunawardena | |
Malawi |
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Zambia |
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Kazakhstan |
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| Prime Minister | Oljas Bektenov | |
Chad |
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| Prime Minister | Allamaye Halina | |
Chile |
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Romania |
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| Prime Minister | Marcel Ciolacu | |
Somalia |
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| Prime Minister | Hamza Abdi Barre | |
Senegal |
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| Prime Minister | Ousmane Sonko | |
Guatemala |
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Ecuador |
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Zimbabwe |
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Benin |
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Rwanda |
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| Prime Minister | Édouard Ngirente | |
Burundi |
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| Prime Minister | Gervais Ndirakobuca | |
Bolivia |
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Tunisia |
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| Prime Minister | Kamel Madouri | |
South Sudan |
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Dominican Republic |
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United Arab Emirates |
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| Prime Minister | Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | |
Honduras |
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Czech Republic |
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| Prime Minister | Petr Fiala | |
Tajikistan |
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| Prime Minister | Kokhir Rasulzoda | |
Portugal |
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| Prime Minister | Luís Montenegro | |
Azerbaijan |
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| Prime Minister | Ali Asadov | |
Greece |
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| Prime Minister | Kyriakos Mitsotakis | |
Hungary |
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| Prime Minister | Viktor Orbán | |
Togo |
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| Prime Minister | Victoire Tomegah Dogbé | |
Israel |
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| Prime Minister | Benjamin Netanyahu | |
Austria |
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| Chancellor | Karl Nehammer | |
Belarus |
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| Prime Minister | Roman Golovchenko | |
Sierra Leone |
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| Chief Minister | David Moinina Sengeh | |
Kyrgyzstan |
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| Prime Minister | Akylbek Dzaparov | |
Paraguay |
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Nicaragua |
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Bulgaria |
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| Prime Minister | Dimitar Glavchev (Acting Prime Minister) | |
Serbia |
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| Prime Minister | Miloš Vučević | |
El Salvador |
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Republic of the Congo |
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| Prime Minister | Anatole Collinet Makosso | |
Singapore |
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| Prime Minister | Lawrence Wong | |
Lebanon |
| Prime Minister | Najib Mikati | ||
Finland |
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| Prime Minister | Petteri Orpo | |
Liberia |
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Slovakia |
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| Prime Minister | Robert Fico | |
Palestine |
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| Prime Minister | Mohammad Mustafa | |
Central African Republic |
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| Prime Minister | Félix Moloua | |
Ireland |
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| Taoiseach (Prime Minister) | Simon Harris | |
Mauritania |
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| Prime Minister | Mokhtar Ould Djay | |
Costa Rica |
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Panama |
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Croatia |
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| Prime Minister | Andrej Plenković | |
Georgia |
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| Prime Minister | Irakli Kobakhidze | |
Eritrea |
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Mongolia |
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| Prime Minister | Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene | |
Uruguay |
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Moldova |
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| Prime Minister | Dorin Recean | |
Namibia |
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| Prime Minister | Saara Kuugongelwa | |
Armenia |
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| Prime Minister | Nikol Pashinyan | |
Lithuania |
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| Prime Minister | Ingrida Šimonytė | |
Albania |
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| Prime Minister | Edi Rama | |
Gambia |
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Gabon |
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| Prime Minister | Raymond Ndong Sima | |
Botswana |
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Guinea Bissau |
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| Prime Minister | Rui Duarte de Barros | |
Slovenia |
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| Prime Minister | Robert Golob | |
Equatorial Guinea |
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| Prime Minister | Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua | |
Latvia |
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| Prime Minister | Evika Siliņa | |
North Macedonia |
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| Prime Minister | Hristijan Mickoski | |
Trinidad and Tobago |
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| Prime Minister | Keith Rowley | |
Timor Leste |
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| Prime Minister | Xanana Gusmão | |
Estonia |
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| Prime Minister | Kristen Michal | |
Cyprus |
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Mauritius |
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| Prime Minister | Pravind Jugnauth | |
Djibouti |
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| Prime Minister | Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed | |
Fiji |
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| Prime Minister | Sitiveni Rabuka | |
Comoros |
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Guyana |
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| Prime Minister | Mark Phillips | |
Montenegro |
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| Prime Minister | Milojko Spajić | |
Suriname |
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Malta |
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| Prime Minister | Robert Abela | |
Maldives |
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Cape Verde |
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| Prime Minister | Ulisses Correia e Silva | |
Iceland |
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| Prime Minister | Bjarni Benediktsson | |
Vanuatu |
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| Prime Minister | Charlot Salwai | |
Barbados |
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| Prime Minister | Mia Mottley | |
Sao Tome and Principe |
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| Prime Minister | Patrice Trovoada | |
Kiribati |
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Seychelles |
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Micronesia |
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Dominica |
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| Prime Minister | Roosevelt Skerrit | |
Marshall Islands |
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Palau |
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Nauru |
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Samoa |
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| Prime Minister | Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa | |
Eswatini |
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| Prime Minister | Russell Dlamini | |
Cook Islands |
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| Prime Minister | Mark Brown | Associated with New Zealand |
Niue |
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| Premier | Dalton Tagelagi | Associated with New Zealand |
Australia |
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| Prime Minister | Anthony Albanese | |
Papua New Guinea |
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| Prime Minister | James Marape | |
New Zealand |
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| Prime Minister | Christopher Luxon | |
Jamaica |
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| Prime Minister | Andrew Holness | |
Solomon Islands |
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| Prime Minister | Jeremiah Manele | |
Belize |
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| Prime Minister | Johnny Briceño | |
Bahamas |
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| Prime Minister | Philip Davis | |
Saint Lucia |
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| Prime Minister | Philip J. Pierre | |
Grenada |
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| Prime Minister | Dickon Mitchell | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
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| Prime Minister | Ralph Gonsalves | |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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| Prime Minister | Gaston Browne | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
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| Prime Minister | Terrance Drew | |
Tuvalu |
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| Prime Minister | Feleti Teo | |
Canada |
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| Prime Minister | Justin Trudeau | |
Thailand |
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| Prime Minister | Paetongtarn Shinawatra | |
United Kingdom |
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| Prime Minister | Keir Starmer | |
Spain |
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| Prime Minister | Pedro Sánchez | |
Morocco |
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| Prime Minister | Aziz Akhannouch | |
Saudi Arabia |
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| Prime Minister | Mohammed bin Salman | |
Netherlands |
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| Prime Minister | Dick Schoof | |
Cambodia |
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| Prime Minister | Hun Manet | |
Belgium |
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| Prime Minister | Alexander De Croo | |
Jordan |
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| Prime Minister | Bisher Al-Khasawneh | |
Sweden |
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| Prime Minister | Ulf Kristersson | |
Denmark |
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| Prime Minister | Mette Frederiksen | |
Norway |
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| Prime Minister | Jonas Gahr Støre | |
Lesotho |
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| Prime Minister | Sam Matekane | |
Bahrain |
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| Prime Minister | Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa | |
Bhutan |
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| Prime Minister | Tshering Tobgay | |
Tonga |
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| Prime Minister | Siaosi Sovaleni | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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| Prime Minister | Borjana Krišto | Presidency is shared between three presidents, one each from Serbia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina |
Luxembourg |
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| Prime Minister | Luc Frieden | |
North Korea |
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| Premier | Kim Tok-hun | |
China |
|
| Premier | Li Qiang | |
Vietnam |
|
| Prime Minister | Phạm Minh Chính | |
Cuba |
|
| Prime Minister | Manuel Marrero Cruz | |
Switzerland |
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Andorra |
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| Prime Minister | Xavier Espot | Josep Maria Mauri (Joan Enric Vives i Sicília representative), |
Patrick Strzoda (Emmanuel Macron re... |
Japan |
|
| Prime Minister | Fumio Kishida | |
Kuwait |
|
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah | |
Qatar |
|
| Prime Minister | Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani | |
Laos |
|
| Prime Minister | Sonexay Siphandone | |
Yemen |
|
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak | |
Libya |
|
| Prime Minister | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh | |
Turkmenistan |
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Guinea |
|
| Prime Minister | Bah Oury | |
San Marino |
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| Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs | Luca Beccari |