According to current projections, France’s population is expected to reach its peak at 67.68 million people in 2045, after which it will decline slowly back down to 65.55 million people by the end of the century.
In the past ten years, France’s population growth rate has decreased significantly to 0.22%. This growth will become even smaller in the coming years until 2045 when population growth becomes negative.
France was once the most fertile country in the European Union; however, its rates are beginning to change. France’s birth rate is 11.2 births per 1,000 people and its death rate is 9.1 deaths per 1,000 people. The fertility rate is 1.850 births per woman, which has been declining in recent years.
The figures reported in 2011 confirmed that France as a whole was growing at a faster rate than most other countries across the globe. In fact, its natural growth, which excludes any immigration figures, accounted for nearly the whole of the natural growth recorded in the European Union in 2003.
The birth rate exceeded the death rate by a considerable amount -- 302,432 in 2006 which was the highest recorded figure since 1973. Further contrasts in the rates led to the final figures declared in the 2011 census. The country also has the second highest number of children per family in Europe; 2.01 when the last figures were announced.
Metropolitan France is expected to see its population grow by another 9 million people over the next 40 years, placing the country's population around 72 million by 2050. To reach this projection, fertility rates will need to stay about the same, mortality will need to decrease, and net migration will need to remain about 100,000 annually.
With its population growing despite decreases in many of its neighboring countries, France is finally back in the race to be the most populous country in Europe. By 2050, it's expected that Germany will have just 70-74 million (compared to 2012's 82 million), while Britain's population will be about 73 million, compared to today's 63 million.
| France Population (as of 11/19/2024) | 66,589,226 |
| Last UN Estimate (July 1, 2024) | 66,548,500 |
| Births per Day | 1,741 |
| Deaths per Day | 1,702 |
| Migrations per Day | 248 |
| Net Change per Day | 287 |
| Population Change Since Jan. 1 | 92,988 |
Net increase of 1 person every 5.02 minutes
Population estimates based on interpolation of data from World Population Prospects
| One birth every 50 seconds | |
| One death every 51 seconds | |
| One immigrant every 5.8 minutes | |
| Net gain of one person every 5.02 minutes |
City | 2024 Pop. |
|---|---|
| Paris | 2,138,551 |
| Marseille | 794,811 |
| Lyon | 472,317 |
| Toulouse | 433,055 |
| Nice | 338,620 |
| Nantes | 277,269 |
| Strasbourg | 274,845 |
| Montpellier | 248,252 |
| Bordeaux | 231,844 |
| Lille | 228,328 |
France has an estimated 2016 metro population of 64,750,000, which does not include overseas territories. Combined, the territories add an additional 2 million people. Metropolitan France has a population density of 117.37 people per square kilometer, which ranks 95th in the world.
Paris is the largest city and capital of France. The City of Paris has just 40 square miles of land with a population of 2.24 million in the city limits, and the most populous urban area in all of the European Union. The city proper has a density of over 21,000 people per square kilometer. The much larger Paris Region, with 4,638 square miles of land, has its own president and regional council with a population of 12 million. This accounts for 18% of France's total population.
For a country of such size, it is surprising that there is only one city proper with a population exceeding 1 million. The largest cities in France include:
Year | Population | Change | Density (/km²) | Population Rank | Density Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 66,548,500 | 0.25% | 122 | 23 | 98 |
| 2023 | 66,438,800 | 0.28% | 121 | 23 | 98 |
| 2020 | 65,905,300 | 0.27% | 120 | 22 | 94 |
| 2019 | 65,729,500 | 0.32% | 120 | 22 | 94 |
| 2018 | 65,519,500 | 0.36% | 120 | 22 | 93 |
| 2017 | 65,284,800 | 0.3% | 119 | 22 | 93 |
| 2015 | 64,916,300 | 0.47% | 119 | 22 | 92 |
| 2010 | 63,417,400 | 0.57% | 116 | 21 | 93 |
| 2005 | 61,625,000 | 0.71% | 113 | 20 | 91 |
| 2000 | 59,483,700 | 0.44% | 109 | 20 | 95 |
| 1995 | 58,192,200 | 0.42% | 106 | 19 | 89 |
| 1990 | 56,990,200 | 0.54% | 104 | 19 | 87 |
| 1985 | 55,467,200 | 0.56% | 101 | 16 | 82 |
| 1980 | 53,941,100 | 0.45% | 99 | 15 | 81 |
| 1975 | 52,746,300 | 0.75% | 96 | 15 | 77 |
| 1970 | 50,813,100 | 0.82% | 93 | 15 | 73 |
| 1965 | 48,772,800 | 0.99% | 89 | 14 | 71 |
| 1960 | 46,428,100 | 1.02% | 85 | 12 | 70 |
| 1955 | 44,136,100 | 1.05% | 81 | 12 | 66 |
Year | Population | Change | Density (/km²) | Population Rank | Density Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 66,548,500 | 0.25% | 122 | 23 | 98 |
| 2025 | 66,650,800 | 0.22% | 122 | 23 | 99 |
| 2030 | 67,107,700 | 0.14% | 123 | 24 | 99 |
| 2035 | 67,547,900 | 0.13% | 123 | 25 | 101 |
| 2040 | 67,938,900 | 0.12% | 124 | 27 | 104 |
| 2045 | 68,191,000 | 0.07% | 125 | 27 | 107 |
| 2050 | 68,219,700 | 0.01% | 125 | 30 | 109 |
| 2055 | 68,067,600 | -0.04% | 124 | 31 | 113 |
| 2060 | 67,850,300 | -0.06% | 124 | 31 | 112 |
| 2065 | 67,691,800 | -0.05% | 124 | 32 | 114 |
| 2070 | 67,678,900 | 0% | 124 | 35 | 113 |
| 2075 | 67,822,300 | 0.04% | 124 | 35 | 114 |
| 2080 | 68,024,900 | 0.06% | 124 | 36 | 114 |
| 2085 | 68,237,700 | 0.06% | 125 | 37 | 114 |
| 2090 | 68,421,900 | 0.05% | 125 | 37 | 114 |
| 2095 | 68,529,600 | 0.03% | 125 | 38 | 111 |
France also has many territories, including Clipperton Island, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre, Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and others.
A law from 1872 prohibits the French Republic from conducting a census by making any official distinction between its citizens in terms of race or religious beliefs, so French demographics can be a bit hard to determine. In 2004, it was estimated that 85% of the population of Metropolitan France was white or of European origin, with 10% from North Africa, 3.5% Black and 1.5% Asian.
This law does not apply to surveys or polls, and a marketing company called Solis estimated numbers of ethnic minorities in 2009 as 5.23% Maghrebis, 2.94% black (a majority from Sub-Saharan Africa) and 0.71% Turkish.
In 2010, 27% of newborns in Metro France had at least a single foreign-born parent. Most French people today are of Celtic origin. The country has experienced large-scale immigration over the last 100 years. It's believed that 40% of France's population is descended, at least in part, from the waves of immigration since the start of the 20th century.
In addition, surveys or polls have been used to determine an estimated 63-66% affiliation in Christian based faiths, a 7-9% affiliation with Muslim faiths, a .5-.75% affiliation with Buddhist faiths, .5-.75% affiliation with Jewish faiths, .5-1% affiliation with other faiths, and 23-28% no affiliation or preference to any faith based on 2015 compiled estimates from the World Factbook.
France is one of the least religious countries in the world. According to a 2016 survey from Institut Montaigne, 39.6% claimed no religion. Slightly more than half (51.1%) identify as Christian, 5.6% identify as Muslim, and under 1% (0.8%) are Jewish.
When we compare these numbers to 1986, a few trends become apparent. The percentage of French people identifying as non-religious has exploded in the past 30 years, from 15.5% to nearly 40% today. The other trend is the increasing Muslim population in France. According to a Pew Research Study of Islam in Europe, an estimated 8.8% of the French population is Muslim. This is higher than the estimate from Institut Montaigne, and would be the highest percentage in Europe. The Muslim population is expected to continue its growth in France due to migration, conversion, and high rates of natural increase. Immigration has become an important political issue in France, and this will likely continue moving forward.
Like many of its neighbors, France represents a huge attraction for immigration and when statistics were released in 2008, it was reported that 11.8 million foreign-born immigrants and their immediate descendants were residents in the country; a figure which accounted for around 19% of the total population of the time.
Exact figures in relation to this are slightly hampered by the fact that it is illegal for the French state as an entity to compile statistics when it comes to race and ethnicity. Data in relation to this is therefore supplied by independent agencies such as INED and INSEE.
What is clear however is that France’s population is growing quite significantly. The large discrepancy in the birth and death rate shows no signs of narrowing and as such, it will be fascinating to see the results from the next national census.
During the Middle Ages, France was home to a quarter of the entire European population. This changed in the later centuries, more because of the growth of surrounding nations than a population decline in France. By the 1700s, France was home to 20% of European people, and by the 20th century, they were overtaken by other countries like Germany and Russia. The French population increased significantly during the baby boom following World War II and has experienced fairly steady growth in the years since.