Economic Complexity by Country 2025

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Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 (0-2.5)

-2.5

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-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

5 Countries with the Highest Economic Complexity Index

Country
Economic Complexity Index (ECI) 2021 (0-2.5)
ECI Change Over 5 Years 2021
COI 2021
Japan2.26-0.44
Switzerland2.140.99
South Korea2.0410.72
Germany1.94-1-3.17
Singapore1.830.62
Czech Republic1.75-0.31
Austria1.68-0.33
United Kingdom1.6150.72
Slovenia1.590.69
Sweden1.54-20.83
Hungary1.52-10.74
Slovakia1.4640.85
Ireland1.4450.13
United States1.4-30.67
Finland1.36-31.14
Italy1.35-10.2
France1.34-30.63
China1.3330.19
Romania1.2331.01
Belgium1.181.19
Israel1.1761.06
Mexico1.14-50.87
Thailand1.12-41.28
Denmark1.0621.21
Poland1.02-11.2
Netherlands0.99-31.55
Estonia0.9921.21
Malaysia0.95-30.73
Belarus0.9111.08
Lithuania0.8971.32
Croatia0.771.44
Bosnia and Herzegovina0.7720.9
Philippines0.76-50.36
Spain0.76-22.47
Portugal0.7412.03
Serbia0.7311.28
Latvia0.7351.15
Saudi Arabia0.6221-0.36
Bulgaria0.6211.79
Turkey0.6122.6
Canada0.58-21.45
India0.4882.94
Bahrain0.455-0.4
Tunisia0.3911.12
Norway0.39-9-0.23
Cyprus0.383-0.09
Costa Rica0.35-30.18
Lebanon0.34-50.85
Ukraine0.32-20.69
Greece0.2560.98
Uruguay0.247-0.15
New Zealand0.21-0.08
Russia0.1910.63
Kuwait0.1322-0.86
North Macedonia0.1315-0.12
United Arab Emirates0.1250.09
Jordan0.09-5-0.04
Dominican Republic0.08140.13
Georgia0.06140.08
El Salvador0.05-50.19
Vietnam0.04-40.82
Moldova0.0260.01
Indonesia-0.09-41.78
Kyrgyzstan-0.11-140.36
Egypt-0.131.36
Colombia-0.13-2-0.05
South Africa-0.15-60.61
Brazil-0.16-250.47
Oman-0.1621-0.76
Uzbekistan-0.17220.15
Mauritius-0.1740.25
Iran-0.1960.17
Argentina-0.20.14
Guatemala-0.210.79
Albania-0.23120.2
Sri Lanka-0.2490.59
Chile-0.3-13-0.59
Jamaica-0.31-8-0.74
Kenya-0.3520.88
Morocco-0.3510-0.14
Qatar-0.383-1.03
Cambodia-0.3913-0.45
Laos-0.4116-0.33
Paraguay-0.448-0.78
Panama-0.46-53-0.43
Trinidad and Tobago-0.46-21-1.03
Kazakhstan-0.47-8-0.5
Malawi-0.5118-0.67
Honduras-0.52-7-0.33
Armenia-0.52-21-0.83
Uganda-0.53-11-0.24
Australia-0.55-4-0.41
Pakistan-0.5740.34
Namibia-0.58-11-0.75
Algeria-0.6331-1.11
Senegal-0.66-5-0.55
Tajikistan-0.7215-1
Mali-0.73-21-0.76
Burkina Faso-0.751-0.93
Bangladesh-0.7616-1.04
Madagascar-0.777-0.67
Turkmenistan-0.8213-1.16
Yemen-0.838-1.09
Myanmar-0.8413-0.28
Zambia-0.84-2-0.88
Peru-0.86-8-0.51
Ethiopia-0.8817-0.73
Tanzania-0.9160.38
Nicaragua-0.91-5-0.6
Botswana-0.92-7-1.17
Bolivia-0.982-0.96
Zimbabwe-1.01-7-1.05
Azerbaijan-1.036-1.24
Togo-1.03-17-1.01
Angola-1.04-5-1.12
Cuba-1.04-22-1.2
Ecuador-1.07-1.06
Libya-1.113-1.15
Mozambique-1.176-0.95
Ghana-1.18-19-1.02
Mongolia-1.22-12-1.2
Venezuela-1.286-1.24
Republic of the Congo-1.46-37-1.15
Mauritania-1.466-1.28
Ivory Coast-1.55-18-1.15
Gabon-1.591-1.12
Nigeria-1.624-1.24
Cameroon-1.71-6-1.22
Papua New Guinea-1.723-1.23
DR Congo-1.86-11-1.21
Guinea-2.42-2-1.29
Liberia-2.44-9-1.23
Eswatini-0.49
  • The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) is computed annually by the Harvard University Center for International Development’s Growth Lab. Higher scores indicate greater economic complexity (export of more numerous and complex products), which is considered preferable.
  • A complement to the ECI, the Complexity Outlook Index (COI) is a measure of how many complex products are near a country’s current set of capabilities. A high COI value indicates that the country’s industries have the capabilty to manufacture a wide variety of complex products. Higher scores are preferable.