Elma is a city located in Howard County Iowa. Elma has a 2024 population of 484. Elma is currently declining at a rate of -1.22% annually and its population has decreased by -4.35% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 506 in 2020.
The average household income in Elma is $45,538 with a poverty rate of 21.52%. The median age in Elma is 44.3 years: 47.4 years for males, and 42.5 years for females.
According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Elma was:
Race | Population | Percentage (of total) |
|---|---|---|
| White | 564 | 95.43% |
| Two or more races | 27 | 4.57% |
| Black or African American | 0 | 0% |
| Native American | 0 | 0% |
| Asian | 0 | 0% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 0 | 0% |
| Other race | 0 | 0% |
White
Two or more races
Black or African American
Native American
Asian
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Other race
Household Type | Count | Average Size | Owner | Renter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 257 | 2.16 | 66.1 | 33.9 |
| Non Family | 121 | 1.12 | 65.3 | 34.7 |
| Married | 76 | 2.49 | 86.8 | 13.2 |
| Female | 47 | 2.57 | 36.2 | 63.8 |
| Male | 13 | 8.38 | 61.5 | 38.5 |
2.71
Average Family Size
2.16
Average Household Size
66.1%
Rate of Home Ownership
Married
Male
Female
NonFamily
owner
renter
Male
Female
Education Attained | Count | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 9th to 12th Grade | 14 | 3.53% |
| Associates Degree | 40 | 10.08% |
| Bachelors Degree | 21 | 5.29% |
| Graduate Degree | 8 | 2.02% |
| High School Graduate | 224 | 56.42% |
| Less Than 9th Grade | 7 | 1.76% |
| Some College | 83 | 20.91% |
Less Than 9th Grade
9th to 12th Grade
High School Graduate
Some College
Associates Degree
Bachelors Degree
Graduate Degree
High School Graduation Rate
Bachelors Rate
Race | Total | High School | Bachelors |
|---|---|---|---|
| White | 378 | 357 | 19 |
| 2+ Races | 16 | 16 | 10 |
| Hispanic | 10 | 10 | 7 |
The highest rate of high school graduation is among 2+ races people with a rate of 100%.
The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among hispanic people with a rate of 70%.
All
Male
Female
Name | Average | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelors Degree | $42,500 | $52,813 | $39,375 |
| Graduate Degree | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| High School Graduate | $35,917 | $48,438 | $31,806 |
| Less Than 9th Grade | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Overall | $36,830 | $39,107 | $35,500 |
| Some College | $37,212 | $37,000 | $37,679 |
$36,830
Average Earnings
$39,107
Average Male
$35,500
Average Female
Only English
Spanish
Other Indo-European Languages
Asian and Pacific Island Languages
Other Languages
96.35% of Elma residents speak only English, while 3.65% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Other Indo-European, which is spoken by 1.91% of the population.
rate
Name | Total | In Poverty | Poverty Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| White | 526 | 116 | 22.05% |
| Hispanic | 10 | 3 | 30% |
21.52%
Overall Poverty Rate
12.22%
Male Poverty Rate
27.71%
Female Poverty Rate
The race most likely to be in poverty in Elma is Hispanic, with 30% below the poverty level.
The race least likely to be in poverty in Elma is White, with 22.05% below the poverty level.
The poverty rate among those that worked full-time for the past 12 months was 0.64%. Among those working part-time, it was 2.88%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 43.92%.
rate
Rate | Poverty |
|---|---|
| Less Than 9th Grade | 33.33% |
| High School | 20.3% |
| Bachelors or Greater | 10.34% |
| Some College | 5.36% |
rate
Rate | Poverty |
|---|---|
| Female Unemployed | 100% |
| Male Unemployed | 60% |
| Female Employed | 2.84% |
| Male Employed | 0.69% |
Households
Families
MarriedFamilies
NonFamilies
Name | Median | Mean |
|---|---|---|
| Families | $60,714 | $52,474 |
| Households | $40,625 | $45,538 |
| Married Families | $71,250 | $-999,999,999 |
| Non Families | $27,639 | $31,264 |
mean
median
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
NeverMarried
30.3%
Overall Marriage Rate
35.5%
Male Marriage Rate
26.7%
Female Marriage Rate
male
female
The age group where males are most likely to be married is 55-64, while the female age group most likely to be married is 55-64.
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
NeverMarried
Second Gulf War
First Gulf War
Vietnam
Korea
World War II
36
Number of Veterans
34
Male Veterans
2
Female Veterans
War | Veterans |
|---|---|
| World War II | 8 |
| Vietnam | 7 |
| Second Gulf War | 0 |
| First Gulf War | 0 |
| Korea | 0 |
count
Age Group | Veterans |
|---|---|
| 75+ | 21 |
| 55 to 64 | 8 |
| 65 to 74 | 6 |
| 35 to 54 | 1 |
| 18 to 34 | 0 |
count
Name | Veterans | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
| White | 33 | 6.8% |
| 2+ Races | 3 | 15% |
Less Than 9th Grade
High School Graduate
Some College
Bachelors or Greater
13.04%
Veteran Poverty Rate
13.04%
Veteran Disability Rate
LaborForceParticipation
56.5%
Labor Force Participation
55.1%
Employment Rate
2.4%
Unemployment Rate
LaborForceParticipation
LaborForceParticipation
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Latin America
North America
Non citizens include legal permanent residents (green card holders), international students, temporary workers, humanitarian migrants, and illegal immigrants.
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Latin America
North America
70.56%
Born in Elma
97.29%
Native Born
2.71%
Foreign Born
2.71%
Non Citizen
0%
Naturalized
97.29% of Elma residents were born in the United States, with 70.56% having been born in Iowa. 2.71% of residents are not US citizens. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Europe.
Year | Population | Growth | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2029 | 458 | -5 | -1.08% |
| 2028 | 463 | -5 | -1.07% |
| 2027 | 468 | -6 | -1.27% |
| 2026 | 474 | -5 | -1.04% |
| 2025 | 479 | -5 | -1.03% |
| 2024 | 484 | -6 | -1.22% |
| 2023 | 490 | -3 | -0.61% |
| 2022 | 493 | -13 | -2.57% |
| 2021 | 506 | 0 | 0% |
| 2020 | 506 | -21 | -3.98% |
| 2019 | 527 | -3 | -0.57% |
| 2018 | 530 | -2 | -0.38% |
| 2017 | 532 | 2 | 0.38% |
| 2016 | 530 | -7 | -1.3% |
| 2015 | 537 | -1 | -0.19% |
| 2014 | 538 | 3 | 0.56% |
| 2013 | 535 | -12 | -2.19% |
| 2012 | 547 | -3 | -0.55% |
| 2011 | 550 | 2 | 0.36% |
| 2010 | 548 | 0 | 0% |